• Caterpillar bores into young fruits
• Feeds on internal contents (pulp and seeds)
• Dry up and fall off in without ripening

• Larva - Pale greenish with pink tinge and fine hairs with dark head
• Adult - Yellowish moth with black spots on the wing and body.

• Collect and destroy damaged fruits
• Clean cultivation as weed plants serve as alternate hosts
• Use light trap @ 1/ ha to monitor the activity of adults
• Insecticides: malathion 50 EC 0.1% two rounds, one at flower formation and next at fruit set.

• Caterpillar bores into young fruits
• Feeds on internal contents (pulp and seeds)

• Larvae - dark brown, short and stout, covered with short hairs
• Adult - blusih brown butterfly. Female – V shaped patch on forewing

• Collect and destroy damaged fruits
• Clean cultivation as weed plants serve as alternate hosts
• Use light trap @ 1/ ha to monitor the activity of adults
• Insecticides: malathion 50 EC 0.1% two rounds, one at flower formation and next at fruit set.

• Caterpillar found on flower buds and fruit

• Adult – metallic red coloured butterfly

• Collect and destroy damaged fruits
• Clean cultivation as weed plants serve as alternate hosts
• Use light trap @ 1/ ha to monitor the activity of adults
• Insecticides: malathion 50 EC 0.1% two rounds, one at flower formation and next at fruit set.

• Adults and maggots attack semi – ripe fruits
• Oviposition punctures on fruits
• Maggots destroy and convert pulp into a bad smelling
• Discoloured semi liquid mass

• Adult - Brown or dark brown with hyaline wings and yellow legs

• Collect and destroy fallen and infested fruits
• Summer ploughing to expose pupa
• Use methyl eugenol lure trap (25/ha) to monitor and kill adults of fruit flies
• Prepare methyl eugenol and malathion 50 EC mixture at 1:1 ratio( take 10 ml mixture/ trap)
• Inseciticides: malathion 50 EC 0.05%
• Bait spray combining molasses or jaggery 10g/l and one of the insecticides,
  • fenthion 100 EC 1ml/l
  • malathion 50 EC 2 ml/l
  • dimethoate 30 EC 1ml/lit, two rounds at fortnight interval before ripening of fruits
  • Field release of parasitoids such as
  • Opius compensatus
  • Spalangia philippinensis,
  • parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha kraussi

• Young trees may succumb to the attack.
• Caterpillars bore into the trunk or junction of branches.
• Presence of gallery made out of silk and frass.
• Caterpillars remain hidden in the tunnel during day time come out at night and feed on the bark.

• Adult is stout yellowish –brown moth with brown wavy markings on the forewings.
• Males are smaller than the females.

• Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree
• Remove alternate host, silk cotton and other hosts
• Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l of water on the basal portion of the trunk up to 3 feet height
• Scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles.
• Padding with tree soaked in absorbent cotton.
• If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.
• Hook out the grub from the bore hole
• After apply monocrotophos 36 WSC 10 to 20 ml/ hole
• One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole
• Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

• Nymphs and adults make punctures on petiole, tender shoots and fruits
• Brownish – black necrotic patches develop on foliage
• Elongate streaks and patches develop on shoots
• Corky scab formation on fruits

• Nymph and adult: Reddish brown, elongate bug with black head, red thorax
• black and white abdomen

• Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts
• Insecticides: malathion 50 EC  0.2%   at bimonthly interval at the time of flowering

• Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves
• Yellowing of leaves.

• Nymph: Pale lemon yellow.
• Adult – green colour, flat and oval shaped soft scale

• Prune and destroy the infested shoots at initial stage of infestation.
• Spray monocrotophos 1ml/lit
• After two weeks release 20 predator beetles viz.,C. montrouzieribeetle per tree.
• Encourage parasitoids viz., Aneristis sp Coccophgagus cowperi, C. bogoriensis

• Premature dropping of fruit.

• Nymph - Yellowish to pale white.
• Adult - Females apterous, long, slender covered with white waxy secretions

• Triozhophos 2 ml+ neem oil 5 ml/1, phosalone 35 EC 1.5 ml+ neem oil 5 ml/1.
• Release Cryptolaemous montrouzieri beetles @ 10/tree.

• Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves
• Honey dew - development of sooty mould fungus
• Yellowing of leaves.
• Dropping of affected leaves.

• Nymph - short glass like rods of wax along the sides of the body
• Adult - Powdery white, active during early morning hours.

• Field sanitation

• Removal of host plants

• Installation of yellow sticky traps

• During heavy infestation - application of imidacloprid 200SL at 0.01%

or triazophos 40EC at 0.06%

• Spray neem oil 3% or NSKE 5%

• Release of predators viz., Coccinellid predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

• Release of parasitoids viz., Encarsia haitierrsis and E.guadeloupae